Stress was assessed through the parental stressor scale in nicu, comprising 3 dimensions sights and sounds, baby looks and behaves, and change in parental role and a final question about overall stress. Postpartum depressive symptoms in parents at discharge. Translation and psychometric evaluation of a swedish version of the. Parenting very preterm infants and stress in neonatal.
Identifying factors associated with poor emotional functioning can help identify atrisk parents who may benefit from mental health support. Surprisingly there was no difference across any domains of measuring parental stress. Stress was quantified using 5 point likert scale from 1 not at all stressful to 5 extremely stressful. Stress levels were assessed using parental stressor scale. Nicu and validating it using a cohort of parents of infants admitted to the nicu. Infant pain, separationfrom the infant, and breathing problems were most stressful. The parents perception of nursing support in their. Neonatal intensive care unit was used to measure the stress.
This paper presents an exploration of the validity of the parental stressor scale. Each item ranged from 1 not at all stressful to 5 extremely stressful. Nicu assessed mothers perceived parental stress within the nicu. This questionnaire included a total of 22 questions and measured the stress of three dimensions of parental experience during. Nicu questionnaire among parents of 400 newborn admitted in nicu. Infant hospitalization fathersstress was highest for parental role attainmentand infant appearance and behavior.
Nicu parents are at risk for poor emotional functioning, including mood disorders, anxiety, and parental distress. A new stressor scale for parents experiencing neonatal. A parent infant demographic sheet provided information for determining which characteristics resulted in different responses and which variables were stress predictors. Parental stressors in the neonatal intensive care unit. In a prospective observational pilot study 47 mothers and 47 fathers completed the parental stress scale. Parents n 156 of newborns admitted to nicu completed the parental stressor scale. Translation and psychometric evaluation of a swedish version of the parental stressor scale pss.
Parental perception of neonates, parental stress and. Parents responses to stress in the neonatal intensive. Having a baby in the nicu can be stressful for parents. Parents of infants admitted to the nicu will experience stress, depression, anxiety, and feelings of powerlessness, and hopelessness 9. Nicu, 2002, a wellestablished self report survey in which parents rated sources of stress using a likert scale 1 not at all stressful, 5 extremely stressful within three domains infant behavior and appearance 17 items, sights and sounds 6 items. A new stressor scale for parents experiencing neonatal intensive care. Maternal stress was quantified using likert scale as low 12. Sources of parent stress were measured using the parental stressor scale. The questionnaires were distributed on admission to the nicu, at the 14th day of hospitalization, and at the time of discharge. Although this process is applicable to the immediate environment microsystem, as. Nicu, a validated 26item likerttype scale, measures stress via 3 subscales nicu environment, infant behaviorsappearance, and alterations in parental role.
Neonatal intensive care unit was used to measure the stress of 162 parents. Nicu were assessed, before using the scale to describe stress experienced by parents in a neonatal intensive care unit nicu. Nicu into the swedish language and to evaluate the psychometric. I n r eview parenting in the neonatal intensive care unit. The scale consists of four subscales that measure stress related to the sights and sounds 5 items, the appearance and. Thereafter an internal panel of neonatal nurses n10 assessed face and content. Nicu was translated into swedish using the process of forwardbackward translation. Nicu containing subscales for nicu sights and sounds, infant behavior and appearance, and parental role alteration, and the promis anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep disturbance shortform instruments. Identification of internal and external stressors in. The primary outcome was to see if there would be a significant difference in the parental stressor scale. A study on parental stress in the neonatal icu using parental. The principal cause of stress was the alteration in parental role and being separated from their baby.
Validation of the arabic version of the parental stressor. Palliative care in neonatal intensive care, effects on. Nicu, the statetrait anxiety inventory stai, and the ways of coping woc questionnaire. When we look at questions though pertaining to communication. Nicu, the primary outcome measure, was completed on study days 0 and 3. The newborn intensive care unit nicu coping with stress in the nicu. The development of a measure of parental stress, the parental stress scale, is presented. Nicu is a 46 item selfreport instrument used to measure the parents perceptions of stress within the nicu.
Translation and psychometric evaluation of a swedish. A study on parental stress in the neonatal icu using. To assess parental distress, the pss nicu was developed from the parental stressor scale. Nicu into the swedish language and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the swedish version. Parent stress in the neonatal intensive care unit and the. Pdf a new stressor scale for parents experiencing neonatal. Expect to have strong feelings about your babys health and care. The aim was to translate the parental stressor scale. Parental stress in the neonate intensive care unit and its association. Canterbury psychological adjustment related to newborn trauma or stress. Jakobsson, ulf lu and lundqvist, pia lu in scandinavian journal of caring sciences 30 1. Results nicu mothers showed the lowest npi score among fullterm and nicu parents. Parental presence and holding in the neonatal intensive.
Nurses need to understand stressors in order to plan intervention strategies aimed toward assisting and supporting the parent in adapting to the unexpected birth and subsequent hospitalization of their premature child. Nicu and the nurse parental support tool npst for use with italian parents. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for. Parents of neonates admitted to the nicu undergo a great deal of stress, making it imperative for health care providers to identify and act on the sources of this stress. All participants total n 1276 completed the parental stress scale and some also completed the parenting stress index, a generic measure of stress called the perceived stress scale, relevant measures of emotions and role satisfaction e.
You, your partner and your family may deal with the stress of. Inclusion criteria for the study were mothers of admitted neonates and their neonates. Nicu is based on stress theory, especially magnussons theory that stressors are physical and psychosocial demands in the environment that approach or exceed the limits of coping. To determine the validity and reliability of the parental stressor scale.
Most of the parents 46% rated the experience to be extremely stressful. Nicu was used to measure paternal perceptions of stressors. The second questionnaire was the parental stressor scalenicu pssnicu, a validated scale 17, 20, 22, 27 that measures how much stress parents have experienced because of their babys illness and hospitalization. Identifying the stressors parents experience can assist nicu. To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among parents at nicu discharge, risk factors associated with. Nicu 33, 34 measures stress experienced by parents during hospitalization related to alterations in their parental role, the appearance and behaviour of their child, and sights and sounds of the unit. Nicu has been validated and used in several languages aside arabic. Paternal participation in childcare was measured using 7 additional items. Nicu and stanford acute stress reaction questionnaire sasrq measured stress scores at study enrollment, 2 weeks later, and at discharge.
Forty mothers were recruited to the main study seven families declined. A convenience sample of 376 parents with hospitalized infant in nicu was. Informed consent was obtained from the mothers for the study. To minimize nicu stress, we first need tools that provide consistent measurements removing variability of individual clinician assessments. Parental presence and holding in the neonatal intensive care unit and associations with early neurobehavior. Parent psychological wellbeing in a singlefamily room. Measuring maternal stress and perceived support in 25. Parental concern and distress about infant pain adc. Nicu admissions and maternal stress levels springerlink. Supporting parents in taking care of their infants. The extent to which parental stress from the parent infant. This article is a report of the development of the parental stressor scale. A new stressor scale for parents experiencing neonatal intensive. Needs and stressors of parents of term and nearterm.
The extent to which parental stress from the parentinfant. Loss of parental role as a cause of stress in the neonatal. Parental needs and stress in neonatal intensive care units. Parent demographic data questionnaire, and the parental stressor scale.
Parental stress scale the following statements describe feelings and perceptions about the experience of being a parent. Nicu, 18 one study concluded that further investigation of practical worries and daily hassles was needed. Nicu 1,18 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 19, and 3 the parental stressor scale. Effect of parent presence during multidisciplinary rounds. Nicu 1 is a 50 item self report scale that measures parental anxiety and stress related to four dimensions of the nicu environment. The assessment of parental stress and support in the. The psychometric properties of this parental stressor scale. Preterm birth is frequently associated with increased parental stress, worry, and anxiety, during and after admission to a neonatal intensive care unit nicu. This study investigated the stress experienced by parents in the neonatal intensive care unit nicu, the infant and parent characteristics that resulted in different stress responses, and the characteristics that were predictive of stress. This study aimed at translating the scale to arabic apss. In this prospective study, we determined the level of stress among parents of neonates admitted to the nicu by using the parental stressor scale. Thirty parents completed the parental stressor scale pss. Nicu, which is designed to measure parental perception of stressors. Nicu, which is designed to measure parental perception of stressors arising from the physical and psychosocial environment of the neonatal intensive care unit.
Nicu was developed for use by nurses and other medical personnel in nicus. Nicu, nursing research, 42, 148152 with a sample of british mothers of moderate risk preterm infants. Parents are asked to rate items on a fivepoint scale ranging from not at all stressful to. This study was conducted to increase the understanding of parental stressors in the neonatal intensive care unit nicu. Neonatal intensive care unit was used to measure the stress of 162. Mothers of former preterm infants report greater concerns about their childrens health outcomes, less consensus with partners, and less years of education attained than mothers of term infants. Abstract the aim was to translate the parental stressor scale. The neonatal intensive care unit nicu is a highly stressful environment for parents. About nicu stress manage neonatal stressors medtronic. Whilst stress in parents experiencing neonatal intensive care is widely reported. Nicu questionnaire among 100 nicu mothers by doctors between 6 and 8 d of admission. The parental stressor scale nicu 23 includes 44 descriptions of nicu related stressors and 1 item concerning the overall stress of parents, all on a 5point likert scale ranging from 1 not. Frontiers parental stress experience and age of mothers.
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